Psychology and clinical psychology Essay Example for Free

Psychology and clinical psychology Essay Abnormal psychology and clinical psychology deals with the disorders of mental health. Anxiety disorders, cognitive disorders, depressive disorders, communication disorders, disruptive behavior disorders, mood disorders and personality disorders. All these disorders are abnormal which are reflections of a very serious and concerned situation. Q. 1. What happened to one’s mind when one is woken-up by a strange or scaring noise? Ans: A normal person whose sleep is disturbed by a scary or a strange noise, wakes up with in a disordered mood. First of all a good night sleep is disturbed and mind starts thinking to find out what is wrong in the vicinity and nearly in about less than five minutes, sleepy mood disappears and instead awakens one’s mind to find out what went wrong at that moment. Men seldom feel threatened by scary noises and instead are successful in finding the realities in that situation. This is again dependent on the mental health and physical tiredness of a person as to how one’s mind reacts to these strange noises. However, a common view is that strange noises certainly wake up people from sleep and generally minds search the cause and the place where from the strange noise is heard. Q. 2. How could panic or fear interfere or disrupt with normal decision making or thinking. Ans: Panic leads to anxiety disorder which makes a particular situation to go beyond control. For instance, all of a sudden, a lion enters a home, the owner is in great panic and is out of power in decision making. It takes time to regain normal thinking in order to make a plot to cage lion in home. Some of the symptoms of anxiety are faster heart beat, heavy perspiration, stammering, hands and feet turning cold, extreme discomfort and restlessness. In both the above instances, there is a severe symptom for nervous breakdown or any abnormal disorder which may be either psychological or physical. Q. 3. Does the reaction time differ when one if fully awake and awaken by strange noise or sound? How? A fully awake person immediately researches about the issue and considers necessary steps whereas for a person who awoke from sleep, reacts slowly to the problem. For instance, a brick from a construction apartment falls on a car which is parked nearby, makes a huge sound and car owner reacts immediately and files a case against contractor. The same incident takes place in the middle of the night, car owner awakes from the middle of the sleep and finds car is broken, it takes time to react and to verify the facts of incident. Therefore the reaction time varies between a person who is fully awake and the person who is awakened by strange noise. 4. How does the environment or circumstances affect our behaviors or the way of thinking? Thinking is often lead by environment that a person resides in. Thinking at home is quite relaxed, thinking in office is quite fast, thinking in a situation is quite stressful and thinking in bed is again in a relaxed mood by reading a magazine or a newspaper. The pattern of thinking differs. For instance, behavior and thinking pattern in trains and airplanes is different such that passengers are all seat-belted, relaxed and at times doze off to sleep until destinations are reached. In panic situations, pattern of behavior changes such that yelling in anxiety, scream when in danger and calling out for help and assistance are some of the abnormal behaviors that outbreak among people. 5. Is there any sort of training that you would recommend that would prepare staff mentally who might be sleeping during high cries at the middle of the night (e. g. crisis intervention or crisis management). For instance, military personnel improve their reaction time and decision making through training allowing them to be able to get ready within 5 minutes from sleep and be able to make sound judgment or decisions. How can we compare military person vs. a regular person? Training about crisis management is quite a practical approach to staff. For instance, a burglar enters apartment and is immediately caught by the residents who acted with great courage. The essential technique that can be practiced is to predict crisis and have a pre-designed plots to attack crisis or risk situation. For instance, diffusing an explosive is a technique and requires skill, similarly, to counter-attack any situation, one has to be prepared in advance going by the environment one is placed in. A military person can never afford to be in a relaxed mood whereas an analysis has to be made each time, about the positive threats that creep in from enemy or from any unlawful forces. By and large there is a huge difference between a military person’s sleep and a regular person’s sleep basing on the activity and exercise that varies between the two. A military person is constantly on a low or high degree of stress and tension whereas a regular person carries a minimum risk depending on the regular activity that is being performed as daily chore of office-going. Conclusion Everything is a matter of acceptance as to how one reacts to a situation, whether by self-management or by seeking the guidance and help of other sources. This depends on the status of mind that one has both during the awakening time and sleeping time. The degree of panic is initially high, a person always possesses enough capacity to react to the situation in order to control and handle the issue effectively. References Alan Carr Abnormal Psychology http://books. google. com/books? id=oJEeqztJbCsCpg=PR5lpg=PP1ots=oGW7hdXntJdq=abnormal+psychologyie=ISO-8859-1output=htmlsig=2LkIWZZY7o2cbp7M0bS7JRSpm7M Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach By David H. Barlow, Vincent Mark Durand http://books. google. com/books? id=TFHmCOYKkgcCpg=PR11lpg=PR9dq=abnormal+psychologyie=ISO-8859-1output=htmlsig=hhIEwNgvnRWqpJN2MtNDwdut-GQ

PHILOSOPHY Essay -- essays research papers

With such great minds and an awesome influence that seems boundless, how can there not be references to the works of Thomas Hobbes and Immanuel Kant. The Fundamental Principles in the Metaphysics of Morality is used by the minority dissenting opinion to reiterate the concepts of the intrinsic dignity of man. While the majority uses the literary work the Leviathan to support their own opinions. Transforming and uplifting the case of Gregg v. Georgia into an arena for a debate of Hobbian and Kant philosophies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The majority claims that the death penalty serves two purposes, restitution and deterrence. Quoting the prior case of Fruman v. Georgia, that â€Å"The instinct for retribution is part of the nature of man and channeling that instinct in the administration of criminal justice serves an important purpose in promoting the stability of a society governed by laws. †¦ This is a classic statement that Hobbes himself could have possible uttered. For man is an awkward beast, driven by internal forces. The laws of nature. All men are equal and can perform equal acts of harm. Once harmed, he that who has been hurt will make attempts to revenge. Either in the name of just, duty, honor, or by any other word, it is an example of man conforming to his nature. To curb his nature by law is what the courts claim to be a stable society, Thomas Hobbes calls this a commonwealth under the Leviathan.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Deterrence, the power of the controlling entity to help guide and command those that its laws regulate against taking certain actions. Instilling fear within the hearts of man is a powerful and highly effective tool of leadership. As all men are equal this deterrence and creation of fear helps the Leviathan rule and have an edge over the citizens in the commonwealth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hobbes wants an ordered and just society. Where its people depend on the Leviathan for justice and protection. That is his reason for creating such commonwealth. His formula gives birth to a structured and organized society. According tot he courts a penalty such as that as death is a needed and essential law in an organized society that’s its citizens rely on legal process rather then self-help to vindicate their wrongs.   Ã‚   ... ...requires approval of retribution as a general justification for that punishment. Justice Marshall states in his dissenting opinion. It is the question whether retribution can provide moral justification for punishment. It simply defies belief to suggest that the death penalty is necessary to prevent the American people from taking the law into their own hands. Just as Justice Brennan has before, Marshall here fights retribution as cause for validity in the penalty of death. Using the same logic and formulas derived by Kant. Different examples and opinion but sill same results.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This case of Gregg v Georgia was an important trial to show us that we are forever redefining our standards and morals. Though our attitudes often changes they more often stay the same. This particular case holds this to some degree to be true. For may after their first publications, moral works here of Hobbes and Kant still help fuel some of the biggest debates in political, philosophical, and moral arenas. Each side, majority and the opposing dissent refer back to the mighty giants that with their little pens strokes brought down the mighty oaks.

Great Gatsby Questions

The Great Gatsby Study GuideChapter 11. Explain what Fitzgerald achieved by using Nick’s point of view to tell Gatsby’s story? He achieves a wider look at things. 2. What do we learn about Nick Carraway in the introductory section of the novel? He is upper middle class and went to college. 3. In discussing East Egg and West Egg, Nick states, â€Å"To the wingless a more arresting phenomenon is their dissimilarity in every particular except shape and size. † Indicate what the dissimilarities† Attitude, east egg is traditional; west egg is the new rich. 4. might be. Compare the homes of Nick, Gatsby and the Buchanans. How does each home reflect the personality of its owners? Nick is not flashy and small; Gatsby is a show off of his big home and throws his money around. They just want to fit in. They are classic. 5. Fitzgerald’s description of Tom, Daisy, and Jordan creates not only an impression of physical appearance, but also contains added information. What do you learn about their history and interests, and from their gestures and mannerisms? Tom tends to be a show off and shows what he has. Daisy is a manipulated and whispers so people can bend close. Jordan plays golf and athletic and tom boy and very independent and not married and command’s attention.6. When Nick leaves the Buchanan’s house, he is â€Å"confused and a little disgusted. † Why? What does this suggest about his values? Because he knows Tom’s a player. He values. Friendship and people.7. Though we do not meet Gatsby until Chapter 3, we hear references to him in the conversations of others. Note each reference. What impression do you get? Snobby, stuck up, and flounder’s his money.Chapter 21. I what way is the description in the opening paragraphs of Chapter 2 appropriate to the t otal atmosphere of this chapter? What is symbolic about the â€Å"valley of ashes† and â€Å"the eyes of Dr. T. J. Eckleburg†? Void if life, depressing. (Grey) Lack of life.2. Evaluate Myrtle’s talk of her unhappy marriage. What does she seem to be trying to justify? How she is unhappy with her husband.3. How does Myrtle’s speech reveal her character? She wants to play the victim.4. What does the scene in this New York apartment reveal about Tom? About Myrtle? He does not care and slaps myrtle. She is desperate.5. Does Nick enjoy the afternoon at the apartment in New York? Why or why not? No, because of the incident between Tom and Myrtle. Socratic Seminar QuestionsChapter 31. Chapter 3 describes Gatsby’s â€Å"little party†. Enumerate details about the party itself, about the guests and about their conversation and behavior. He has caters, replaces dresses, has a buffet, serves two dinners.2. Describe the meeting between Nick and Gatsby. Comment on Fitzgerald’s skill in preparing for Gatsby’s entrance into the story. Very, Awkward. He uses hints.3. In what way are Nick and Gatsby similar at this point? Why are they paradoxical? He sounds just like Nick and have things in common. Had a normal conversation.4. What is the reason for Nick’s breaking the story at this point?Read the section beginning with â€Å"Reading over what I have written so far . . . † Proving that his normal. They are very similar5. At the end of Chapter 3, Nick meets Jordan again. The author includes several episodes that emphasize her carelessness and basic dishonesty. Discuss these instances. What do they reveal about Jordan? About Nick?6. Notice the last paragraph in Chapter 3. Is Nick being overly proud here? Discuss. He is thinking too much of himself, and not of others.Chapter 41. The introductory section of Chapter 4 gives a long roster of those who attended Gatsby’s parties. How do they behave toward their host? Why, then, do they accept his hospitality? They go to use Gatsby.2. Describe Gatsby’s car? It’s a cream color, Bright with nickel.3. Discuss the details that Gatsby shares with Nick about his past. He was in the war, and his family had passed away. He traveled to the big cities. He won a medal from war.4. Does Nick believe Gatsby’s story? Why or why not? No, because things don’t match up. Because Gatsby carries a picture and a medal.5. Who is Meyer Wolfsheim? What seems to be his connection with Gatsby? He is Gatsby Acquaintance. Because they’re both business associates.6. Jordan Baker tells Nick about Daisy, Gatsby, and Tom. S ummarize the story. When daisy meets a guy named Jay Gatsby who is a soldier and is engaged but he goes to war and she ends up and leaves the house and she gets caught but doesn’t speck her parents and still goes out with no soldiers. Gets engaged in February and marries. The night be for her wedding she gets smashed and gets drunk and throws away her pearls from tom then they take her a cold bath and make her hurry downstairs.7. Explain the epigraph on the title page of the novel. What does it reveal about Gatsby and his love for Daisy? He is willing to do anything for daisy.8. Do we know why Gatsby has so many parties? Why did he buy the house? Explain. For daisy because he likes her. He wants for daisy to show up.9. What new meaning do you see in the last two paragraphs of Chapter 1? What does Nick mean when he says, â€Å"Then it had not been merely the stars to which he had aspired on that June night†? He is trying to reach out for her. He is talking about daisy.1 0. When Gatsby spoke to Jordan in his library in Chapter 3, he had devised a plan involving Nick. What was it?Why did he not ask Nick directly? Because wanted nick to invite daisy to nicks and Gatsby would show up to nicks house.Chapter 51. Gatsby’s actions in preparing for Daisy’s arrival seem both flamboyant and absurd. What does he do? Why? He’s trembling and his hands are just weighed into his pockets.2. Discuss Gatsby’s actions once Daisy arrives. How do we know he is nervous? How does he try to impress her? He shows his house.3. Toward the end of the chapter, Nick attempts to explain â€Å"the expression of bewilderment that had come back into Gatsby’s face. † What explanation does Nick give? Why, in his opinion, is daisy not at fault? He has been building this up and now he has achieved his goal. Because he built her up too much.4. Describe Daisy’s reactions during the course of her meeting with Gatsby. She’s so emotiona l.5. Has Nick been affected by the meeting between Gatsby and Daisy? In what way? Yes, because he was disappointed for Gatsby.Chapter 61. What was Gatsby’s real name? Why and when had he changed it? James Gatz. He changed it at the age of 17 he changed it because of Dan cody.2. In what way was Dan Cody involved in Gatsby’s destiny?3. Why does Tom attend Gatsby’s party?How does this scene reveal that contrast between Gatsby and Tom? Because he was asked to and to keep an eye on his wife and he wants to know more about Gatsby. Gatsby is generous and Tom is not.4. What is deeply ironic in Tom’s statement, â€Å". . . I may be old-fashioned in my ideas, but women run around too much these days to suit me†? He is a hypocrite.5. Note the reactions of Tom and Daisy at different times during Gatsby’s party. Did they enjoy themselves? Explain. No, Tom did not enjoy himself and Daisy only liked the actress under the tree.6. What suspicions does Tom ha ve about Gatsby? What does he vow to do? His past where he got his money because thinks he’s a bootlegger. He will find out the truth about Gatsby and everything about Gatsby.7. What do Nick and Gatsby talk about after the party? How daisy didn’t like it.8. What is Gatsby expecting of Daisy that prompts Nick to warn him, â€Å"I wouldn’t ask too much of her . . . You can’t repeat the past†? For Daisy to tell Tom that she does not love him.Chapter 71. Note the use Fitzgerald makes of the weather as a background for significant events. Point out examples in this chapter and in previous chapters. It’s hot boiling. Points out its hot â€Å"It’s Hot† said by Daisy.2. Gatsby has made some changes in his lifestyle that so concerned Nick that he went to check on him. What changes do you note? Why did he make them? The staff was fired and he rehired new people except the gardener because daisy did not see him. To make it all about Daisy .3. Analyze daisy’s attitude toward her child as evidenced in this chapter and in Chapter 1. Is she a good mother? Explain why Gatsby looked â€Å"at the child with surprise. † She agreed to stay with her husband for her child. He didn’t think she was the women she was 5 years ago and the baby can‘t go away4. With whom does Tom talk on the telephone early in the chapter? About what? George about the car deal.5. What startling discovery does Tom make shortly after lunch? Daisy’s affair6. What does Gatsby mean when he says that Daisy’s voice is â€Å"full of money†? Why does Fitzgerald put those words in Gatsby’s mouth and not Nick’s? She has changed. It’s a way of Gatsby way of growing up.7. What arrangements are made regarding the passengers of each car on the trip to the city? Why? Tom, Jordan, Nick take the yellow car.Daisy and Gatsby ride in the white coupe. Tom had a plan going on.8. Eyes play a significant rol e in this chapter. Explain. Gods watching you and watches everything.9. Explain Nick’s statement paralleling Tom and Wilson. â€Å". . . it occurred to me that there was no difference between men, in intelligence or race, so profound as the difference between the sick and the well. † Refer to the text and explain what prompted Nick to say this. The both discovered that there wife’s are having affairs.10. What does Gatsby do that makes Nick want â€Å"to get up and slap him on the back†? Why does Nick feel this way? Because he said that he wife does not love him.11. Does Daisy know what love is? Whom does she really love? No. She loves Gatsby but Really loves Tom.12. In what way is each of the main characters involved in the tragedy that occurs at the end of this chapter?13. Is there any significance in the fact that the day is Nick’s birthday? Nick sees his 30th birthday as a significant entrance into a world of â€Å"loneliness, a thinning list o f single men to know, a thinning briefcase of enthusiasm, thinning hair. †14. Why is it necessary for the author to introduce a new character, Michaelis, at this point in the novel?15. Explain what Nick means when he says, â€Å". . . suddenly I guessed at the truth†?16. At the end of Chapter 7 Nick observes Gatsby, Tom, and Daisy after the accident. What conclusions does he reach? After observing Gatsby, Tom, and Daisy after the accident at the end of chapter 7 of the Great Gatsby, Nick comes to the conclusion that Myrtle must have been hit by Gatsby and Daisy, driving back from the city in Gatsby’s big yellow automobile.17. Explain the last paragraph of Chapter 7.Before the trip into the city and the accident, Gatsby was convinced that Daisy was in love with him and would without a doubt leave Tom for him. When he watches Daisy and Tom in the kitchen, the reality of the situation is starting to hit him. Ever since he and Daisy fell apart when she married Tom, h e has entirely devoted his life to acquiring wealth to impress Daisy and when her back. He has devoted his whole life and heart to this woman, and so as he watches her slipping away from him again, he knows nothing more than to return to his vigil over the woman that has controlled his life.Chapter 81. At the beginning of the chapter, the story is interrupted at its most dramatic point. What is the author’s purpose in breaking the story here? He had known what he was doing all along and justified his attentions.2. What had prompted Gatsby to talk freely to Nick now, when he was unwilling to do so in the past?3. What further information do we learn about Gatsby? He loved Daisy and wrote her.4. As Nick leaves Gatsby the morning after the accident, he remarks, â€Å"They’re a rotten crowd. † Enumerate the people â€Å"they† refers to. Why are they â€Å"rotten†?He refers to Tom, Daisy. Because they are hypocrites, Liars.5. What is the compliment that Nick pays to Gatsby? Why does Nick feel compelled to commend Gatsby? He only complimented them only once. He really wanted to give him a push.6. Explain Nick’s meaning when he balances Gatsby’s supposed â€Å"corruption† against his â€Å"incorruptible dream†. Nick means that Gatsby used an illegal and corrupt way of obtaining money all in the name of a pure uncorrupted dream of starting a life with the love of his life, Daisy.7. How does Wilson view the â€Å"eyes of Dr. T. J. Eckleburg†? Does Wilson’s statement have a symbolic level for the novel as a whole? Explain. They are the eyes of god. God is watching you.8. Trace the movements of Gatsby and Wilson at the end of Chapter 8. What Nick’s meaning when he says, â€Å". . . the holocaust was complete†? When George dies it’s the end of the Holocaust.Chapter 91. What makes Nick assume responsibility for the funeral arrangements? Specify the things he did. Because nobody comes thru. Calling people for the funeral. Trying to find Gatsby father to be there and getting Daisy to be there as well.2. What version of the tragedy appeared in the newspapers? How would your account for the fact that this version went unchallenged and uncorrected? Portraying George was crazy.3. Hos had Gatsby’s father learned of the tragedy? To what extent does the father know his son? The papers. That he was proud of his son he knows him as a figure not as a son.4. Discuss the significance of Gatsby’s boyhood program for self-improvement? It got him to change himself.5. What is the irony of Gatsby’s funeral? How nobody shows up to a funeral but to a party people showed up.6. What is the significance of including the scene with Jordan Baker? Jordan’s scene drives apart her relationship with Nick7. What moral judgment does Nick make about Tom and Daisy? Discuss. The moral judgment that Nick makes regarding Tom and Daisy is that they are self-centere d people who do not care whose lives they hurt as long they continue to have their luxurious lives.8. Explain the significance of the last page of the novel in relation to Gatsby’s dream and the American Dream. Nick's reflections at the end of Chapter Nine of The Great Gatsby bring the motif of geography to a conclusion as Nick philosophizes that the story of Gatsby is conclusively a story†¦

The Gun Debate Over Our Second Amendment Rights - 1985 Words

Over the past 20 years, a culmination of events has caused quite a stir in the United States. These events, which consist mostly of homicide on a mass scale, have caused a massive debate over our second amendment rights. Some people feel as if citizens’ rights pertaining to firearms need to be redefined to cater to the growing variety of weapons; while others feel as if such changes would infringe upon their rights as a citizen of the United States. While many people have a very strong opinion pertaining to the gun debate, others do not; the media plays a big role in influencing the undecided audience to one side or the other. When journalists discuss the gun debate, they use a wide variety of rhetorical devices to communicate their perspectives. The most common of these devices includes statistics, the subject of safety, persuasive language, and tone. Between the three articles examined, the first device that stuck out was facts and statistics. The first article, an anti-gun control piece by CNBC, titled â€Å"Gun control isn’t the answer. We already know how to stop the violence† uses numbers to attempt to persuade the reader that there is no need for gun regulations. Novak states that in the past we have curbed the increasing of gun violence not by gun regulations, but by increasing the law enforcement budget instead. They cite the policies of George W. Bush and Bill Clinton, giving numbers to back up their claim. For example, â€Å"†¦in October, 1994 when President Clinton wasShow MoreRelatedThe Second Amendment Of The United States1725 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Americans are deeply divided over the Second Amendment. Some passionately assert that the Amendment protects an individual’s right to own guns. Others, that it does no more than protect the right of states to maintain militias† (Cornell). 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The pro-gun, or what is commonly referred to as â€Å"gun nuts†, have the firm belief that the American people have the right to not only carry a gun, but to carry any type of gun that they want, while anti-gun groups want to get rid of the right to carry a gun all together unless that person is a soldier or police officer.Read MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Gun Control875 Words   |  4 Pagesthe issue of gun control laws has become a prevalent topic of debate throughout American society. This debate stems from two opposing arguments over gun control. Some feel gun control laws are fair and not the contributing factor to these mass shootings, whereas, others feel that there is an urgent need for strict laws in order to end the problem of mass shootings. There are numerous pros and cons to the enforcement of stricter gun control laws but we must note a few things: stricter gun control laws